Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS)
The entire genome of a species is sequenced and analysed, providing the most detailed genetic variation information. De novo sequencing is commonly achieved without prior knowledge of the sequencing. De novo sequencing has proven successful in confirming and expanding upon consequences from database searches, providing splendid assets for knowledge of species (Human & Non-human).
Some of the most important information obtained through the Whole genome resequencing (WGRS) are the genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy number variations (CNVs), and structural variations (SVs) and other genetic changes of the sequenced species with high accuracy. Whole genome re-sequencing is an indispensable part of genome-wide association study (GWAS), where common genetic variants in different individuals are assessed to determine if a variant is associated with a particular phenotype. GWAS can be broadly used in food safety, agriculture, and pharmacy, especially personalized medicine.
Advantages of Whole Genome Sequencing
· Single base-pair resolution
· De novo sequencing and genome-wide mutation characterization
· Population evolution and phylogenetic studies
· Genetic disease research, Cancer study, drug discovery and development, and personalized medicine
Sequencing Platforms
· NovaSeq 6000, HiSeq X, HiSeq 4000
· PacBio RS II, PacBio Sequel
· Ion S5 XL
Bioinformatics Analysis (Re-Sequencing)
· Sequencing data QC
· Reference genome mapping
· SNP/InDel/SV/CNV calling
· Variant annotation and statistics
· Advanced anaysis upon request
Bioinformatics Analysis (De novo)
· Please contact our team for more information
Sample requirements
· DNA amount ≥ 2 μg, DNA concentration ≥ 20 ng/μl, OD260/280=1.8~2.0
Whole Exome Sequencing (WES)
Human exome sequencing is selective sequencing of human genome coding areas, after the exome has been identified effectively. Although the exome region is only 1% (30 Mb) of the entire genome, its biofunctions are very significant.
Whole Exome Sequencing utilizes exome capture technology to enrich exons , and then sequences these regions in a high-throughput manner. To be specific, DNA samples are first fragmented and biotinylated oligonucleotide probes (baits) are used to selectively hybridize to exome in the genome. Magnetic streptavidin beads are then used to bind to the biotinylated probes. The non-targeted portion of the genome is washed away, and the PCR is used to enrich the sample for DNA from the target region.
It is mostly used in clinical research, as it can be widely used for cancer and chronic disease genetic recognition.
Advantages of Whole Exome Sequencing
· Cost effective and wide availability
· Increased sequence coverage (above 100X)
· Detection of coding SNP variants as sensitive as whole genome sequencing
· A smaller data set for faster and easier analysis compared to whole genome sequencing
· Medical and agricultural applications
Enrichment Methods
· SureSelect Human All Exon Kit (Agilent)
· Nextera / TruSeq DNA Exome Enrichment Kit (Illumina)
· xGen Exome Research Panel (IDT)
· Ion AmpliSeq Exome RDY Kit (ThermoFisher)
Bioinformatics Analysis
· Sequencing data QC
· Reference genome mapping
· Germline / Somatic mutation calling
· Variant annotation using various DB
· Clinical significance (Optional)
Sample requirements
· DNA amount ≥ 1 μg, DNA concentration ≥ 20 ng/μl, OD260/280=1.8~2.0
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) Sequencing
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis，they are not only essential for the life of plants but for all life on Earth. Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain their own DNA, comprising approximately 130 genes, which are involved in photosynthesis and other important metabolic processes. Chloroplast genomes display considerable variation both within and between species, providing insights into the phylogeny and evolutionary adaption. Chloroplasts also carry out a number of other functions, including fatty acid synthesis, much amino acid synthesis, and the immune response in plants.
The chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequencing is a high-throughput sequencing of plant chloroplast genomes using Illumina and PacBio platforms to perform an in-depth analysis of sequence information. Through comparative genomic analysis, information such as species classification, phylogenetic evolution, geographic lineage inheritance, disease diagnosis and forensic science is obtained, revealing its important role in species origin, biological evolution and genetic relationship between different species.
Bioinformatics Analysis
· Sequencing data QC
· Chloroplast genome assembly & annotation
· Chloroplast genome map
· Variant annotation using various DB
· Phylogenetic analysis
Sample requirements
· DNA amount ≥ 1 μg, DNA concentration ≥ 20 ng/μl, OD260/280=1.8~2.0